Germanium — Risco supply chain e conformidade CRMA

Germanium is essential for fibre optics, IR optics and RF semiconductors — and heavily dependent on Chinese refineries. December 2024 export-stop announcements forced teams to validate alternate sources within days. CRMA lists germanium as strategic; LkSG demands transparent due diligence. Market pressure links zinc by-product output with export policy. Telecom and defence suppliers are especially exposed because few refiners supply 4N/5N globally.

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